What is intelligence?- Introduction to psychology [lumen/openstax] (2023)

Intelligence classification

What exactly is intelligence? The way researchers defined the concept of intelligence has been changed several times since the birth of psychology. The British psychologist Charles Spearman believed that the intelligence consisted of a general factorGramaThis could be measured and compared between individuals, and how Aristotle had a similar opinion (Cianciono and Sternberg, 2004).

Other psychologists believe that intelligence is a collection of different skills instead of a single factor., 1963).It is characterized as a acquired knowledge and the ability to restore it. The learning, remembering and remembering information use crystallized intelligence..It covers the ability to recognize complex relationships and solve problems. Observe their way home after they have been redirected to an unknown route based on their fluid intelligence.Challenges in their daily life, while crystallized intelligence helps them to overcome concrete and direct problems (Cattell, 1963).

Other theorists and psychologists believe that intelligence has to be defined more.Excellent party trick to recite, but do you know that a better person?

Robert Sternberg developed a different intelligence theory that has the title "the title"Because you see the intelligence that consists of three parts (Sternberg, 1988): practical, creative and analytical intelligence (Figure 1).

As suggested by Sternberg, it is sometimes compared to "Street Smarts".Qi understanding to be separated who receive a high practical score that may have comparable values in creative and analytical intelligence (Sternberg, 1988).

This story about the shooting of Virginia Tech 2007 shows high and low practical intelligence. During the incident, a student left his class to look for soda in an adjacent building.Earlier had left, now chained inside. This was the armed man exposed. Conger they did not shot him. On the other side, some students went the campus when they heard near Schüssen. A friend said: "Let us see himAnd see what's going on. "Another student said: "Under no circumstances do we have to escape the shots."They had exactly that. They had a low practical intelligence. The student who encouraged her friend to escape the sound of shots would have a much greater practical intelligence.

It is closely with the solution and calculations of the academic problem. It is necessary to compare the reasons for the main characters of the book or to analyze the historical context of history.Body used different minerals in different human systems. When developing an understanding of this problem, it uses analytical intelligence. The solution of a challenging mathematical problem would use analytical intelligence to analyze various aspects of the problem and then solve the section according to section.

It is characterized by inventing or imagining a solution for a problem or a situation. The creativity in this area can find a new solution for an unexpected problem or the production of a beautiful work of art or a very developed short story.Before you camp with some friends in the forest and recognize that you have forgotten your Camp Cafeteria. The person in your group, who discovered a way to prepare success for everyone, is attributed to higher creative intelligence.

It was developed by Howard Gardner, Harvard Psychologist and former student of Erik Erikson.One person usually stands out in some of these eight intelligence and hesitates others (Gardner, 1983). The next account contains any kind of intelligence.

Gardner's theory is relatively new and needs additional research to create better empirical support. At the same time, your ideas require the traditional idea of intelligence to include a broader spectrum of skills, although Gardner simply lasted what other theorists as "cognitive styles"Below" intelligence "(Morgan, 1996).

Gardner's inter- and intrapersonal intelligence are often combined in one type: emotional intelligence.It includes the ability to understand your own and the emotions of others, to show empathy, to understand relationships and social information, to regulate your own emotions and to react culturally (Parker, Sawlofske and Stagh, 2009).People with high emotional intelligence generally have well -developed social skills.Some researchers, including Daniel Goleman, the author ofEmotional intelligence: Why can I import more than QiHe argues that emotional intelligence is a better predictor of success than traditional intelligence (Goleman, 1995) .Motional intelligence has been widely discussed, with researchers pointing inconsistencies to the definition and description as well as the results of studies on difficult measurement and learningAsk (Locke, 2005; Mayer, Salovey & & & & & & & & & & & & & A & Caruso, 2004)

Intelligence can also have different meanings and values in different cultures. If they live on a small island on which most people fishing on boats, it is important to know how to fish and how to repair a boat.If it were probably their classmates as smart. If I would also experience in the boat repair, their intelligence could be known on the entire island. Piça in the culture of their own family. What are the values for Latin families? Italian families? Irish? Irish?Families, hospitality and tell a funny story are cultural brands. If they are a qualified narrator, other members of Irish culture will probably consider him intelligent.

Some cultures give a high value to work together as collectively. In these cultures, the importance of the group replaces the importance of individual performance. The visit of this culture is to what extent the values of this culture refers to illustrate their culture, which are sometimes culturalCompetence is called.